Compare Nauru (2002) - British Indian Ocean Territory (2006)

Compare Nauru (2002) z British Indian Ocean Territory (2006)

	Nauru (2002)	British Indian Ocean Territory (2006)

Administrative divisions	14 districts; Aiwo, Anabar, Anetan, Anibare, Baiti, Boe, Buada, Denigomodu, Ewa, Ijuw, Meneng, Nibok, Uaboe, Yaren	-
Age structure	0-14 years: 39.6% (male 2,515; female 2,366) 15-64 years: 58.7% (male 3,578; female 3,656) 65 years and over: 1.7% (male 108; female 106) (2002 est.)	-
Agriculture - products	coconuts	-
Airports	1 (2001)	1 (2006)
Airports - with paved runways	total: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2002)	total: 1 over 3,047 m: 1 (2006)
Area	total: 21 sq km land: 21 sq km water: 0 sq km	total: 54,400 sq km land: 60 sq km; Diego Garcia 44 sq km water: 54,340 sq km note: includes the entire Chagos Archipelago of 55 islands
Area - comparative	about 0.1 times the size of Washington, DC	land area is about 0.3 times the size of Washington, DC
Background	Nauru's phosphate deposits began to be mined early in the 20th century by a German-British consortium; the island was occupied by Australian forces in World War I. Nauru achieved independence in 1968 and joined the UN in 1999. Nauru is the world's smallest independent republic.	Established as a territory of the UK in 1965, a number of the British Indian Ocean Territory (BIOT) islands were transferred to the Seychelles when it attained independence in 1976. Subsequently, BIOT has consisted only of the six main island groups comprising the Chagos Archipelago. The largest and most southerly of the islands, Diego Garcia, contains a joint UK-US naval support facility. All of the remaining islands are uninhabited. Former agricultural workers, earlier residents in the islands, were relocated primarily to Mauritius but also to the Seychelles, between 1967 and 1973. In 2000, a British High Court ruling invalidated the local immigration order that had excluded them from the archipelago, but upheld the special military status of Diego Garcia.
Birth rate	26.6 births/1,000 population (2002 est.)	-
Budget	revenues: $23.4 million expenditures: $64.8 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (FY95/96)	-
Capital	no official capital; government offices in Yaren District	-
Climate	tropical; monsoonal; rainy season (November to February)	tropical marine; hot, humid, moderated by trade winds
Coastline	30 km	698 km
Constitution	29 January 1968	-
Country name	conventional long form: Republic of Nauru conventional short form: Nauru former: Pleasant Island	conventional long form: British Indian Ocean Territory conventional short form: none abbreviation: BIOT
Currency	Australian dollar (AUD)	-
Death rate	7.06 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.)	-
Debt - external	$33.3 million	-
Dependency status	-	overseas territory of the UK; administered by a commissioner, resident in the Foreign and Commonwealth Office in London
Diplomatic representation from the US	the US does not have an embassy in Nauru; the US Ambassador to Fiji is accredited to Nauru	none (overseas territory of the UK)
Diplomatic representation in the US	Nauru does not have an embassy in the US, but does have a UN office at 800 2nd Avenue, Suite 400 D, New York, New York 10017; telephone: (212) 937-0074 consulate(s): Hagatna (Guam)	none (overseas territory of the UK)
Disputes - international	none	Mauritius and Seychelles claim the Chagos Archipelago including Diego Garcia; in 2001 the former inhabitants of the Chagos Archipelago, evicted in 1965 and now residing chiefly in Mauritius, were granted UK citizenship and the right to repatriation; the UK resists the Chagossians' demand for an immediate return to the islands; repatriation is complicated by the exclusive US military lease of Diego Garcia that restricts access to the largest island in the chain;
Economic aid - recipient	$2.25 million from Australia (FY96/97 est.)	-
Economy - overview	Revenues of this tiny island have come from exports of phosphates, but reserves are expected to be exhausted within a few years. Phosphate production has declined since 1989, as demand has fallen in traditional markets and as the marginal cost of extracting the remaining phosphate increases, making it less internationally competitive. While phosphates have given Nauruans one of the highest per capita incomes in the Third World, few other resources exist with most necessities being imported, including fresh water from Australia. The rehabilitation of mined land and the replacement of income from phosphates are serious long-term problems. In anticipation of the exhaustion of Nauru's phosphate deposits, substantial amounts of phosphate income have been invested in trust funds to help cushion the transition and provide for Nauru's economic future. The government has been borrowing heavily from the trusts to finance fiscal deficits. To cut costs the government has called for a freeze on wages, a reduction of over-staffed public service departments, privatization of numerous government agencies, and closure of some overseas consulates. In recent years Nauru has encouraged the registration of offshore banks and corporations. Tens of billions of dollars have been channeled through their accounts. Few comprehensive statistics on the Nauru economy exist, with estimates of Nauru's per capita GDP varying widely.	All economic activity is concentrated on the largest island of Diego Garcia, where joint UK-US defense facilities are located. Construction projects and various services needed to support the military installations are done by military and contract employees from the UK, Mauritius, the Philippines, and the US. There are no industrial or agricultural activities on the islands. When the Ilois return, they plan to reestablish sugarcane production and fishing. The country makes money by selling fishing licenses and postage stamps.
Electricity - consumption	27.9 million kWh (2000)	NA kWh
Electricity - exports	0 kWh (2000)	-
Electricity - imports	0 kWh (2000)	-
Electricity - production	30 million kWh (2000)	NA kWh; note - electricity supplied by the US military
Electricity - production by source	fossil fuel: 100% hydro: 0% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (2000)	-
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: unnamed location along plateau rim 61 m	lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m highest point: unnamed location on Diego Garcia 15 m
Environment - current issues	limited natural fresh water resources, roof storage tanks collect rainwater, but mostly dependent on a single, aging desalination plant; intensive phosphate mining during the past 90 years - mainly by a UK, Australia, and NZ consortium - has left the central 90% of Nauru a wasteland and threatens limited remaining land resources	NA
Environment - international agreements	party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements	-
Ethnic groups	Nauruan 58%, other Pacific Islander 26%, Chinese 8%, European 8%	-
Exchange rates	Australian dollars per US dollar - 1.9354 (January 2002) 1.9320 (2001), 1.7173 (2000), 1.5497 (1999), 1.5888 (1998), 1.3439 (1997)	-
Executive branch	chief of state: Acting President Derog GIOURA (since 10 March 2003) following death of President Bernard DOWIYOGO note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government head of government: Acting President Derog GIOURA (since 10 March 2003) following death of President Bernard DOWIYOGO note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president from among the members of Parliament elections: president elected by Parliament for a three-year term; election last held 8 March 2003 (next to be held NA 2004); following Rene HARRIS' resignation, Bernard DOWIYOGO was elected president election results: Rene HARRIS elected president; percent of Parliamentary vote - NA%; replaced by Bernard DOWIYOGO 9 January 2003 following a no-confidence vote; HARRIS reinstated 17 January 2003, then gives up presidency 18 January and DOWIYOGO is elected president; DOWIYOGO dies 10 March 2003; with 9 votes over 8 for Kinza CLODUMAR, Derog GIOURA was named acting president	chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952) head of government: Commissioner Tony CROMBIE (since January 2004); Administrator Tony HUMPHRIES (since February 2005); note - both reside in the UK cabinet: NA elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; commissioner and administrator appointed by the monarch
Exports	$25.3 million f.o.b. (1991)	-
Exports - commodities	phosphates	-
Exports - partners	NZ, Australia, South Korea, US (2000)	-
Fiscal year	1 July - 30 June	-
Flag description	blue with a narrow, horizontal, yellow stripe across the center and a large white 12-pointed star below the stripe on the hoist side; the star indicates the country's location in relation to the Equator (the yellow stripe) and the 12 points symbolize the 12 original tribes of Nauru	white with six blue wavy horizontal stripes; the flag of the UK is in the upper hoist-side quadrant; the striped section bears a palm tree and yellow crown centered on the outer half of the flag
GDP	purchasing power parity - $60 million (2001 est.)	-
GDP - composition by sector	agriculture: NA% industry: NA% services: NA%	-
GDP - per capita	purchasing power parity - $5,000 (2001 est.)	-
GDP - real growth rate	NA%	-
Geographic coordinates	0 32 S, 166 55 E	6 00 S, 71 30 E; note - Diego Garcia 7 20 S, 72 25 E
Geography - note	Nauru is one of the three great phosphate rock islands in the Pacific Ocean - the others are Banaba (Ocean Island) in Kiribati and Makatea in French Polynesia; only 53 km south of Equator	archipelago of 55 islands; Diego Garcia, largest and southernmost island, occupies strategic location in central Indian Ocean; island is site of joint US-UK military facility
Highways	total: 30 km paved: 24 km unpaved: 6 km (1998 est.)	-
Household income or consumption by percentage share	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%	-
Illicit drugs	broad-based money-laundering center	-
Imports	$21.1 million c.i.f. (1991)	-
Imports - commodities	food, fuel, manufactures, building materials, machinery	-
Imports - partners	Australia, US, UK, Indonesia, India (2000)	-
Independence	31 January 1968 (from the Australia-, NZ-, and UK-administered UN trusteeship)	-
Industrial production growth rate	NA%	-
Industries	phosphate mining, offshore banking, coconut products	-
Infant mortality rate	10.52 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.)	-
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	-3.6% (1993) (1993)	-
International organization participation	ACP, AsDB, C, ESCAP, FAO, ICAO, Interpol, IOC, ITU, OPCW, Sparteca, SPC, SPF, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO	-
Internet Service Providers (ISPs)	1 (2000)	-
Irrigated land	NA sq km	0 sq km
Judicial branch	Supreme Court	-
Labor force - by occupation	employed in mining phosphates, public administration, education, and transportation	-
Land boundaries	0 km	0 km
Land use	arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (1998 est.)	arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (2005)
Languages	Nauruan (official, a distinct Pacific Island language), English widely understood, spoken, and used for most government and commercial purposes	-
Legal system	acts of the Nauru Parliament and British common law	the laws of the UK, where applicable, apply
Legislative branch	unicameral Parliament (18 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve three-year terms) elections: last held 9 April 2000 (next to be held NA April 2003) election results: percent of vote - NA%; seats - independents 18	-
Life expectancy at birth	total population: 61.57 years male: 58.05 years female: 65.26 years (2002 est.)	-
Literacy	definition: NA total population: NA% male: NA% female: NA%	-
Location	Oceania, island in the South Pacific Ocean, south of the Marshall Islands	archipelago in the Indian Ocean, south of India, about one-half the way from Africa to Indonesia
Map references	Oceania	Political Map of the World
Maritime claims	contiguous zone: 24 NM exclusive economic zone: 200 NM territorial sea: 12 NM	territorial sea: 3 nm exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm
Merchant marine	none (2002 est.)	-
Military - note	Nauru maintains no defense forces; under an informal agreement, defense is the responsibility of Australia	defense is the responsibility of the UK; the US lease on Diego Garcia expires in 2016
Military branches	no regular military forces; Nauru Police Force	-
Military expenditures - dollar figure	$NA	-
Military expenditures - percent of GDP	NA%	-
Military manpower - availability	males age 15-49: 3,103 (2002 est.)	-
Military manpower - fit for military service	males age 15-49: 1,710 (2002 est.)	-
National holiday	Independence Day, 31 January (1968)	-
Nationality	noun: Nauruan(s) adjective: Nauruan	-
Natural hazards	periodic droughts	NA
Natural resources	phosphates, fish	coconuts, fish, sugarcane
Net migration rate	0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.)	-
Political parties and leaders	loose multiparty system; Democratic Party [Kennan ADEANG]; Nauru Party (informal) [Bernard DOWIYOGO]	-
Political pressure groups and leaders	NA	-
Population	12,329 (July 2002 est.)	no indigenous inhabitants note: approximately 1,200 former agricultural workers resident in the Chagos Archipelago, often referred to as Chagossians or Ilois, were relocated to Mauritius and the Seychelles in the 1960s and 1970s; in November 2000 they were granted the right of return by a British High Court ruling, though no timetable has been set; in November 2004, there were approximately 4,000 UK and US military personnel and civilian contractors living on the island of Diego Garcia (July 2006 est.)
Population below poverty line	NA%	-
Population growth rate	1.96% (2002 est.)	-
Ports and harbors	Nauru	-
Radio broadcast stations	AM 1, FM 0, shortwave 0 (1998)	AM 1, FM 2, shortwave 0 (1998)
Radios	7,000 (1997)	-
Railways	total: 5 km note: gauge unknown; used to haul phosphates from the center of the island to processing facilities on the southwest coast (2001)	-
Religions	Christian (two-thirds Protestant, one-third Roman Catholic)	-
Sex ratio	at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.06 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 1.02 male(s)/female total population: 1.01 male(s)/female (2002 est.)	-
Suffrage	20 years of age; universal and compulsory	-
Telephone system	general assessment: adequate local and international radiotelephone communication provided via Australian facilities domestic: NA international: satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean)	general assessment: separate facilities for military and public needs are available domestic: all commercial telephone services are available, including connection to the Internet international: international telephone service is carried by satellite (2000)
Telephones - main lines in use	2,000 (1996)	NA
Telephones - mobile cellular	450 (1994)	-
Television broadcast stations	1 (1997)	1 (1997)
Terrain	sandy beach rises to fertile ring around raised coral reefs with phosphate plateau in center	flat and low (most areas do not exceed two meters in elevation)
Total fertility rate	3.5 children born/woman (2002 est.)	-
Unemployment rate	0%	-
Waterways	none	-

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